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EchoNaut

Credits

Sources and credits

Surface maps

Illustrations

The illustrations on the home page (the large opening image and the landscapes and graphics on the Moon, Mars and Beyond cards) and the header images on mission pages marked "AI-generated illustration" were generated with AI. They are artistic impressions, not photographs, and do not show real places or spacecraft exactly.

Photos and artwork

The photos and artist's impressions on the mission pages, with the credit given by NASA and a link to where each one was published.

  • ALSEP science stations
    • The Apollo 15 commander bends over to set up a drill at the science station, with instruments standing on the grey ground around him. (NASA)
    • Buzz Aldrin sets up Apollo 11's seismometer to listen for moonquakes. (NASA)
    • The Apollo 12 seismometer's record of the empty ascent stage crashing into the Moon. (NASA (JSC))
    • Alan Bean sets up the Apollo 12 science station. (NASA (JSC))
    • The finned generator in front made electricity from the heat of plutonium. (NASA)
    • The central station radioed the measurements to Earth. (NASA (JSC))
    • Part of the Apollo 16 science station. (NASA (JSC))
    • Antares on the Moon. The laser mirror panel waits near the ladder, ready to be set up. (JSC)
    • Alan Bean sets up a three-armed instrument far from the camera, with a cable running across the dusty ground towards it and the Lunar Module on the horizon. (NASA (JSC))
    • Alan Bean uses a long tool at the generator's fuel cask, mounted on the side of the Lunar Module. (NASA)
    • The Apollo 14 science station on the grey lunar surface: a shiny central box with an antenna, flags and cables spread out around it. (NASA (JSC))
    • Scientists in Mission Control study the shaking the seismometers recorded when Apollo 15's spent rocket stage hit the Moon. (NASA (JSC))
  • Apollo Lunar Module descent stages
    • The Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle on the grey lunar surface. Buzz Aldrin, seen from behind, stands at an open bay in its gold-wrapped lower half, unpacking a science experiment. (NASA (JSC))
    • A 1960s NASA chart: a Saturn V rocket on the left, and on the right a painting of the Lunar Module standing on the Moon on four legs, with its engines and sizes listed. (MSFC)
    • Black-and-white close-up of the lower half of a Lunar Module on the Moon: a crinkled foil-covered leg, a round footpad with a thin rod beside it, and bootprints in the dust. (JSC)
    • One of Eagle's footpads on the Moon, July 1969. (NASA (JSC))
    • The small Surveyor 3 robot lander in the foreground, with the Apollo 12 Lunar Module standing on the horizon behind it. (NASA (JSC))
    • Antares, the Apollo 14 lander, during the first moonwalk. (NASA (JSC))
    • The Apollo 16 Lunar Module Orion on the Moon, with the Lunar Roving Vehicle parked beside it. (JSC)
    • Eugene Cernan at Challenger's ladder. The plaque on the ladder stayed behind with the descent stage. (NASA (JSC))
    • Front view of the Apollo 14 Lunar Module on the Moon, with a bright circular flare from the Sun. (JSC)
    • Apollo 17, 14 December 1972: Challenger's top half heads for the sky. The bottom half stays. Filmed by the rover's TV camera, steered from Mission Control. (NASA (JSC))
    • Apollo 15: Falcon seconds before liftoff, filmed by the TV camera on the parked rover. (NASA (JSC))
    • Apollo 16: Orion's ascent stage lifts off, seen on colour TV. (NASA (JSC))
    • Apollo 14, seen from inside the lander: the engine blast shakes the flag and scatters scraps of gold-coloured foil from the lander. (NASA (JSC))
    • Black-and-white view from orbit of a grey plain dotted with craters. Labels point to a tiny bright spot, Eagle's descent stage, and to the experiments next to it. (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University)
    • Black-and-white view from orbit of the Apollo 17 landing site, with the Challenger descent stage visible as a small bright spot. (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University)
    • The Apollo 16 Lunar Module Orion parked on the lunar surface. (JSC)
  • Dawn
  • Ingenuity Mars helicopter
  • Kepler Space Telescope
  • Lunar Roving Vehicles
    • The Apollo 15 Lunar Roving Vehicle parked alone on the grey surface of the Moon at Hadley–Apennine. (NASA (JSC))
    • Eugene Cernan tries out the Apollo 17 rover at the start of the first moonwalk. (JSC)
    • John Young drives the Apollo 16 rover to its final parking place. It is still there. (NASA (JSC))
    • The Apollo 16 rover next to the lander Orion. (JSC)
    • The Apollo 17 rover beside a giant boulder on the third moonwalk. (NASA (JSC))
    • The Apollo 17 rover with its fender repaired using lunar maps and clamps. (NASA (JSC))
    • Illustration: how the Apollo 15 crew would lower the rover from the side of the lander and let it unfold. (JSC)
    • The planned rover routes for Apollo 15, drawn on a photo taken from lunar orbit. (NASA (JSC))
    • Black-and-white photo of David Scott in his spacesuit, seated in the Apollo 15 rover, with a large umbrella-shaped antenna on the front. (NASA (JSC))
    • Grainy television picture: Challenger's ascent stage high above the grey ground, with the descent stage left sitting on the surface below. (NASA (JSC))
    • Before the trip: the Apollo 15 rover and Lunar Module during practice runs at the Kennedy Space Center, April 1971. (JSC)
    • Heading "home": the Apollo 16 lander Orion, seen from the moving rover at the end of the last moonwalk. (NASA (JSC))
    • In Mission Control, the Apollo 15 liftoff appears on a TV screen, sent live from the camera on the parked rover. (NASA (JSC))
    • The Apollo 15 rover at its final parking spot, photographed by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. You can see the rover's tracks and David Scott's footprints leading back to the lander. (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University)
  • NEAR Shoemaker
    • Illustration of the NEAR spacecraft with its four solar panels next to the potato-shaped asteroid Eros. (NASA)
    • NEAR's launch in 1996. (MSFC)
  • Phoenix and InSight landers
  • Pioneer 10 and 11
    • Illustration of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft with its dish antenna flying above the swirling clouds and Great Red Spot of Jupiter. (ARC)
    • Pioneer 10 being prepared for launch. Its plaque is fixed to the frame. (ARC)
    • Pictures of Jupiter sent back by Pioneer 10 during its 1973 flyby. (ARC)
    • The plaque being fitted to Pioneer 10. (TRW)
    • Pioneer 10's launch on the evening of 2 March 1972 (US time). (KSC)
    • Pioneer 11's launch on 5 April 1973. (MSFC)
    • Painting: Pioneer 11 approaching Saturn, by Wilson Hurley. (ARC)
  • Sojourner rover and Pathfinder lander
    • The small six-wheeled Sojourner rover still on the Pathfinder lander, with red rocky Martian ground behind. (NASA/JPL)
    • Before launch: technicians close the lander's petals around Sojourner. (KSC)
    • Sojourner on Mars, newly rolled off the lander. (NASA/JPL)
    • Day one on Mars: Sojourner still latched to the lander. (NASA/JPL)
    • The Pathfinder landing site, seen by the Mars Orbiter Camera. (NASA/JPL/MSSS)
  • Spirit and Opportunity rovers
  • Surveyor landers
    • The Surveyor 3 robot lander sitting on the slope of a shallow crater on the Moon. (NASA (JSC))
    • Surveyor 1 photographed its own shadow in the late lunar afternoon. (NASA/JPL)
    • Pete Conrad examines Surveyor 3, two and a half years after it landed. (JSC)
    • Surveyor 3 in front, the Apollo 12 lander Intrepid behind. (NASA (JSC))
    • A Surveyor 3 footpad and its soil scoop. (NASA (JSC))
    • Surveyor 5's round footpad resting in the dark, grainy lunar soil, at the end of a small trench it made by sliding as it landed. (NASA/JPL)
    • Surveyor 6 seen from orbit by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The Sun was low in the sky, so the tiny lander casts an 18-metre-long shadow. (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University)
    • Surveyor 7's view near Tycho crater, pieced together from many of its own photos. (NASA/JPL)
    • Surveyor 3 standing on the grey slope of a crater, with the Apollo 12 Lunar Module on the horizon behind it. (JSC)
    • Pete Conrad examines Surveyor 3's TV camera, just before removing it to take home. (NASA (JSC))
    • Illustration: an artist's idea of the Apollo 12 astronauts approaching Surveyor 3. (NASA (JSC), artist's concept by Ryan Aeronautical Company)
  • Viking 1 and 2 landers
    • A model of a Viking lander, with a dish antenna and three legs, standing in a reddish, rocky Mars-like scene. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona)
    • Viking Lander 1 being prepared at Kennedy Space Center. (NASA)
    • The first photo ever taken on the surface of Mars, minutes after Viking 1 landed. (NASA/JPL)
    • Viking 2's first picture on Mars. (NASA/JPL)
    • Viking Lander 1's landing site, seen by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 30 years after landing. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona)
    • Viking Lander 2 seen from orbit. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona)
    • Viking Lander 2 being inspected before launch. (NASA)
    • Black-and-white photo of workers in hard hats around a tall spacecraft: a wide, rounded shell at the top, joined to a boxy orbiter below, inside a large assembly building. (NASA)
    • Illustration: how a Viking lander gets down. Shell first, then a parachute, then rockets for a gentle touchdown. (KSC)
    • View from orbit of giant canyons on Mars in enhanced pink, green and purple colours, with steep walls and a flat floor dotted with craters. (NASA/JPL/USGS)
    • Black-and-white view from orbit of thin, bright, streaky clouds drifting over dark canyon country on Mars. (NASA/JPL)
    • The edge of the north polar ice cap, seen by Viking Orbiter 2. The layers hold a record of Mars's past climate. (NASA/JPL/USGS)

Sources

Word explanations

Where the explanations of difficult words and place names come from.

Still being checked

These details are not yet confirmed against a source.